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1.
An. acad. bras. ciênc ; 89(2): 1175-1188, Apr.-June 2017. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-886685

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Detection of virulent strains associated with aquatic environment is a current concern for the management and control of human and animal health. Thus, Vibrio diversity was investigated in four estuaries from state of Ceará (Pacoti, Choró, Pirangi and Jaguaribe) followed by antimicrobial susceptibility to different antimicrobials used in aquaculture and detection of main virulence factors to human health. Isolation and identification were performed on TCBS agar (selective medium) and dichotomous key based on biochemical characteristics, respectively. Nineteen strains of genus Vibrio were catalogued. Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Choró River) and V. alginolyticus (Pacoti River) were the most abundant species in the four estuaries. All strains were submitted to disk diffusion technique (15 antimicrobials were tested). Resistance was found to: penicillin (82%), ampicillin (54%), cephalotin (7%), aztreonan (1%), gentamicin, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone (0.5%). Five pathogenic strains were chosen to verification of virulence factors. Four estuaries showed a high abundance of species. High number of tested positive strains for virulence is concerning, since some of those strains are associated to human diseases, while others are known pathogens of aquatic organisms.


Subject(s)
Vibrio/drug effects , Vibrio/pathogenicity , Drug Resistance, Multiple , Estuaries , Rivers/microbiology , Vibrio/isolation & purification , Virulence , Water Microbiology , Brazil , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Virulence Factors , Aquatic Organisms/isolation & purification , Aquatic Organisms/drug effects , Aquatic Organisms/pathogenicity , Geographic Mapping , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology
2.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 50(1): 11-15, Jan.-Feb. 2008. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-476756

ABSTRACT

Guava leaf tea of Psidium guajava Linnaeus is commonly used as a medicine against gastroenteritis and child diarrhea by those who cannot afford or do not have access to antibiotics. This study screened the antimicrobial effect of essential oils and methanol, hexane, ethyl acetate extracts from guava leaves. The extracts were tested against diarrhea-causing bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli. Strains that were screened included isolates from seabob shrimp, Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (Heller) and laboratory-type strains. Of the bacteria tested, Staphylococcus aureus strains were most inhibited by the extracts. The methanol extract showed greatest bacterial inhibition. No statistically significant differences were observed between the tested extract concentrations and their effect. The essential oil extract showed inhibitory activity against S. aureus and Salmonella spp. The strains isolated from the shrimp showed some resistance to commercially available antibiotics. These data support the use of guava leaf-made medicines in diarrhea cases where access to commercial antibiotics is restricted. In conclusion, guava leaf extracts and essential oil are very active against S. aureus, thus making up important potential sources of new antimicrobial compounds.


O chá de folhas de goiaba Psidium guajava Linnaeus é comumente usado como remédio nas gastrenterites e diarréias infantis por aqueles que não têm acesso a antibióticos. Esta pesquisa estudou o efeito antibacteriano sobre bactérias causadoras de diarréias, do óleo essencial e do extrato de folhas de goiabeira usando como diluente: metanol, hexano e acetato de etila. Os extratos foram testados sobre Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp. e Escherichia coli. As bactérias testadas foram isoladas de camarão sete-barbas Xiphopenaeus kroyeri (Heller) usando-se como controle cepas padrão, de cada espécie. Das bactérias testadas, o melhor efeito inibitório foi observado sobre Staphylococcus aureus. O extrato de metanol apresentou maior inibição bacteriana. O óleo essencial mostrou ação inibitória contra S. aureus e Salmonella spp. Foi demonstrada alguma resistência das cepas isoladas de camarão aos antibióticos comerciais testados. Estes dados confirmam que remédios à base de folhas de goiabeira podem ser utilizados em casos de diarréia provocada por essas bactérias, quando o uso de antibiótico for restrito. Conclui-se que extratos de folhas de goiaba e o seu óleo essencial são muito ativos contra S. aureus, tornando-os importantes fontes em potencial de novos compostos antimicrobianos.


Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Escherichia coli/drug effects , Penaeidae/microbiology , Psidium/chemistry , Salmonella/drug effects , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Anti-Bacterial Agents/isolation & purification , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Plant Leaves/chemistry , Plant Oils/pharmacology
3.
Electron. j. biotechnol ; 10(1): 160-165, Jan. 2007. ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-460044

ABSTRACT

The lysozyme enzyme was immobilized on vitreous surface (fragments with diameters of 0.3 and 1.0 mm) for remediation of the microorganism Escherichia coli JM 109 into fresh water and saline solutions with 0.9 percent NaCl (w/v). Characterization of enzymatic film was carried out by infrared spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy techniques. Bactericide activity of the enzyme was evaluated by spectrophotometric analysis. It was verified that the enzymatic film was strongly coupled with the vitreous surface. The topographic analysis demonstrated that the deposited film was uniform and homogeneous. It was observed bactericide activity of film deposited on vitreous surface with 0.3 mm in fresh and saline solutions. This fact was not verified to vitreous fragments with 1.0 mm of diameter.

4.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 48(3): 129-133, May-June 2006. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-431243

ABSTRACT

Foram realizadas 30 coletas quinzenais, entre abril e outubro de 2002, de ostras (Crassostrea rhizophorea) de um criadouro natural, no estuário do rio Cocó (Fortaleza/Ceará/Brasil), objetivando-se isolar cepas de Aeromonas spp. As amostras de ostras foram submetidas aos métodos de plaqueamento direto (PD) e presença/ausência (P/A). Foram identificadas Aeromonas em 15 (50%) amostras analisadas pelo método PD e em 13 (43%) pelo método P/A. Foram isoladas: A. caviae, A. eucrenophila, A. media, A. sobria, A. trota, A. veronii bv. sobria, A. veronii bv. veronii e Aeromonas sp. A espécie predominate foi A. veronii (ambos biovars), identificada em 13 (43%) amostras, seguida de A. media em 11 (37%) e A. caviae em 7 (23%). Das 59 cepas identificadas, 28 (48%) apresentaram resistência a pelo menos um, dos oitos antibióticos testados.


Subject(s)
Animals , Aeromonas/isolation & purification , Crassostrea/microbiology , Shellfish/microbiology , Aeromonas/drug effects , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Microbial Sensitivity Tests
5.
Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. Säo Paulo ; 46(4): 179-182, July-Aug. 2004. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-365514

ABSTRACT

Foram pesquisadas a presença de Vibrio spp. e de Salmonella spp. em caranguejos comercializados na Av. Bezerra de Menezes, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil, no período entre fevereiro e maio de 2003. O número de indivíduos em cada, das quinze coletas realizadas, semanalmente, variava entre quatro e oito dependendo do tamanho dos animais, totalizando um número de 90 (noventa) animais examinados. Foram identificadas sete cepas de Salmonella spp. provenientes de quatro coletas: cinco foram identificadas como sorovar S. Senftenberg e duas como S. Poona. Todas as cepas de Salmonella, isoladas das amostras de caranguejos, apresentaram sensibilidade aos antimicrobianos testados, com exceção de tetraciclina e ácido nalidíxico para os quais elas apresentaram uma sensibilidade intermediária. Os NMPs para Vibrio spp. variaram entre 110 e 110.000/g. Das quarenta e cinco cepas de Vibrio spp. isoladas das amostras de caranguejo, foram identificadas, até espécie, somente 10: duas de V. alginolyticus e oito de V. parahaemolyticus. Foram também identificadas bactérias pertencentes às famílias Enterobacteriaceae e Pseudomonadaceae: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Pantoea agglomerans e Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Recomenda-se que a cocção dos animais seja bem feita a fim de se evitar problemas para os consumidores dos crustáceos.


Subject(s)
Animals , Brachyura , Food Microbiology , Salmonella , Shellfish , Vibrio parahaemolyticus , Brazil , Microbial Sensitivity Tests
6.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 35(1/2): 126-130, Jan.-Jun. 2004. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-388810

ABSTRACT

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade microbiológica da ostra de mangue (Crassostrea rhizophorae) originária de um criadouro natural no estuário do Rio Cocó, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. Para isso, foram realizadas as estimativas do Número Mais Provável (NMP) de Coliformes Totais (CT) e de Fecais (CF) e de Enterococcus spp. Os valores encontrados para CT e CF no músculo (com líquido intervalvar) variaram de <1,8 a >1.600 e <1,8 a 920 por grama, respectivamente. O valor do NMP de Enterococcus spp. variou de <3,0 a >1.100/g. Não houve correlação entre os parâmetros físico-químicos (temperatura, salinidade e pH) da água na área do criadouro e os níveis de contaminação encontrados nas ostras. Somente houve correlação entre os valores de CT e CF. Cepas de Enterococcus spp. foram isoladas e submetidas a testes bioquímicos para identificação das espécies e, posteriormente, foram testadas para verificar a produção de substância inibitória semelhante à bacteriocina utilizando a cepa-teste Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. De um total de 121 cepas de Enterococcus spp. testadas apenas uma, E. faecalis, apresentou atividade inibitória.


Subject(s)
Bacteriocins , Enterobacteriaceae , Enterococcus faecalis , Escherichia coli , In Vitro Techniques , Ostreidae , Culture Media , Methods
7.
Braz. j. microbiol ; 33(4): 294-298, Oct.-Dec. 2002. ilus, tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-342088

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to make a diagnosis of coastal pollution through bacteriological analysis of water taken from stormwater drain systems and the nearby seashore. The results were submitted to statistical analysis as to differences in the Most Probable Number (MPN) of fecal coliform (FC) found between the stormwater drain systems and adjacent seashore locations both at low and high tides. The main conclusions were: (a) most water samples collected from the stormwater systems presented MPN values for FC above 1,000 per 100ml; (b) only 20 percent of the samples from the adjacent seashore presented MPN values for FC above 1,000 per 100ml, a fact which may be explained by the distance between the drain system outlets and the actual seashore; (c) FC/100 ml values were invariably higher in the stormwater drain systems than in seawater; (d) out of the 180 strains isolated, 118 were Escherichia coli; (e) the highest in-sewer pollution rate was found at the sampling location in front of Imperial Othon Palace Hotel (IO-SEW), characterized by the presence of an everlasting puddle, while the most polluted seawater sample was taken in front of Statue of Iracema (SI-SEA); (g) the high tide regime enhances the chance of pollution of the coastal zone by fecal coliforms; (h) the high pollution indices by fecal coliforms can only be accounted for by the existence of illegal sewage pipelines connected to the stormwater drain systems.


Subject(s)
Bacteriological Techniques , Enterobacteriaceae , In Vitro Techniques , Sea Water Pollution , Storm Sewerage , Water Microbiology , Methods , Laboratory and Fieldwork Analytical Methods
8.
Rev. microbiol ; 24(1): 16-21, mar. 1993. tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-280137

ABSTRACT

This study verifies the presence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus on 16 tails samples of the lobster Panulirus laevicauda(Latreille)species collected at the same location in 1990 and on 16 samples collected at a local Fish Industry.The MPN of V.parahaemolyticus obtained on samples from all sources varied from <3.0 to 21.0/g. of 39 strains identified as V.parahaemolyticus on the Fish Market samples collected in 1988, 11(28.2 por cento)showed to be "non agglutinable" and among isolates of 1990, 5(35.7 por cento)of them agglutinated with anti-K sera. Only one isolate among Industry samples was typable.The serogroups found among V.parahaemolyticus strain were: KI, KII, KIII, KIV, KV, KVI, KVII, KVIII and KIX.From a total of 56 V.parahaemolyticus strains isolated on Fish Market samples collected in 1988 and 1990, 29(51.8 por cento) were Kanagawa-positive, whereas those isolated on samples the from Industry(3) were Kanagawa-negative


Subject(s)
Bacteria , Vibrio parahaemolyticus , Nephropidae/parasitology
9.
Hig. aliment ; 6(21): 25-32, mar. 1992. tab, ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-113426

ABSTRACT

Foram avaliadas as condiçöes higiênico-sanitárias de 100 amostras de caudas de lagostas, durante a etapa de adiçäo de Tripolifosfato de Sódio (TPF), em uma indústria de pesca, do município de Fortaleza-CE. Paralelamente foram analisadas 75 amostras da soluçäo de TPF a 5%, correspondentes às amostras de lagostas retiradas, através da quantificaçäo das bactérias psicrotróficas e de S. aureus; da determinaçäo do Número Mais Provável (NMP) de coliformes fecais e da pesquisa de Salmonela. Os resultados, comparados aos padröes microbiológicos brasileiros vigentes, indicam ausência de Salmonella em todas as amostras. S. aureus, em lagostas, foi detectado numa variaçäo de zero a 1,7 x 10**3 UFC/g na etapa I e zero nas demais etapas. As soluçöes de TPF apresentaram zero na etapa I e numa variaçäo de zero a 8,05 x 10 UFC/ml e zero a 2,8 x 10**3 UFC/ml nas etapas II e III, respectativamente. Em lagostas e soluçöes de RPF, os NMPs de coliformes fecais obtidos variaram de <3a> 1,1 x 10**/g e as contagens de psicrotróficas nestas amostras oscilaram de 10**9 UFC/g e 10**3 a 10**8 UFC/ml respectivamente


Subject(s)
Animals , Enterobacteriaceae/isolation & purification , Food Microbiology , Nephropidae/microbiology , Polyphosphates/pharmacology , Salmonella/isolation & purification , Staphylococcus aureus/isolation & purification , Enterobacteriaceae/drug effects , Food Preservatives/pharmacology , Food Technology , Nephropidae/drug effects , Salmonella/drug effects , Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects , Tail/microbiology
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